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Chances are you hear the term bitcoin mining and your mind begins to wander to the Western fantasy of pickaxes, dirt, and striking it rich. As it turns out, that analogy isnt too far away.
Far less glamorous but equally uncertain, bitcoin mining is performed by high-powered computers which solve complex computational math problems (read: so complicated that they cannot be solved by hand). The fortune and work required by a computer to solve one of those problems is the equivalent of a miner striking gold in the ground while digging in a sandbox.
The result of bitcoin mining is twofold. To begin with, when computers solve these intricate math issues on the bitcoin network, they create new bitcoin, not unlike when a mining operation extracts gold in the ground. And second, by solving computational math problems, bitcoin miners make the bitcoin payment network dependable and protected, by verifying its transaction information. .
Theres a fantastic chance all that only made so much sense. In order to explain how bitcoin mining works in greater detail, lets begin with a process thats a tiny bit closer to home: the regulation of printed currency.
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Consumers tend to trust printed currencies, at least in the United States. Thats because the U.S. dollar is backed with a central bank known as the Federal Reserve. In addition to a bunch of additional responsibilities, the Federal Reserve modulates the production of new money and prosecutes the usage of copyright currency. .
Even electronic payments using the U.S. dollar are backed with a central authority. When you make an online purchase using your debit or charge card, by way of example, that transaction is processed by means of a payment processing company like Mastercard or Visa. In addition to recording your transaction history, those companies affirm that transactions are not fraudulent, and that's one reason that your debit or credit card may be suspended while traveling. .
Bitcoin, on the other hand, is not controlled by a central authority. Instead, bitcoin is backed by millions look here of servers throughout the world known as miners. This network of computers plays the same function as the Federal Reserve, Visa, and Mastercard, but with a few important differences. Like the Federal Reserve, Visa, and Mastercard, bitcoin miners record transactions and assess their accuracy.
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When someone makes a purchase or purchase using bitcoin, we predict that a transaction. Transactions made in-store and online are documented by banks, point-of-sale systems, and physical receipts. Bitcoin miners achieve the same effect without these institutions by clumping transactions together in cubes and adding them into a public document known as the blockchain. .
When bitcoin miners add a new block of transactions to the blockchain, part of the job is to ensure that those transactions are accurate. (More on the wonder of the way this happens in a second.) In particular, bitcoin miners be certain bitcoin are not being reproduced, a unique quirk of digital currencies called double-spending.
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Once you spend $20 at the store, that bill is in the clerks hands. With digital currency, nevertheless, it is a different story. .
Digital information can be replicated relatively easily, so with bitcoin and other digital currencies, there is a risk that a spender can basics create copy of the bitcoin and send it to another party whilst holding onto the original. Let us return to printed currency for a moment and say someone tried to duplicate their 20 bill in order to spend the original and the copyright at a grocery store.
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When the numbers were identical, the clerk would know the money had been replicated. This analogy is similar to what a bitcoin miner does when they verify new transactions. .
With as many as 600,000 purchases and sales occurring in a single day, nevertheless, verifying every one of these transactions can be a great deal of work for miners, which gets at one other key difference between bitcoin miners and the Federal Reserve, Mastercard, or Visa. As compensation for their efforts, miners are given bitcoin whenever they add a new block of transactions to the blockchain.
In 2009, it was 50. In 2013, it was 25, in the time of writing it's 12.5, and sometime in the middle of 2020 it will halve to 6.25. .
At this speed of halving, the entire number of bitcoin my website in circulation will approach a limit of 21 million, making the currency more scarce and valuable over time but also more expensive for miners to produce.
Here's the catch. In order to get bitcoin miners to really earn bitcoin from verifying transactions, two things have to occur. First, they must confirm 1 megabyte (MB) value of transactions, which can theoretically be as little as 1 transaction but are far more often several thousand, depending on how much information each transaction shops.